Biomass energy: definition, pros, cons and energy savings

Advantages of using biomass energy:

Renewable, when managed sustainably

When thinking about biomass energy’s pros and cons, the fact that it can be renewable is one of the pros. But biomass energy is only renewable if the source of biomass is replaced.

For example, for biomass that uses wood from trees, this is only a renewable source if the trees are replaced. This makes it different from renewable energy sources, like tidal, where the source of energy does not need to be replaced. As long as the resources are replaced, biomass energy can be thought of as a renewable source of energy.

Carbon neutral

When sourced and used responsibly, biomass energy can be a lower carbon option than some other energy sources, like fossil fuels.

For example, according to the Energy Saving Trust, who are an impartial and trusted organisation for energy efficiency, switching from a home coal fired heating system to a domestic biomass boiler could save up to 11 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year.

Recycling and waste reduction

Organic materials such as food waste are often used during biomass production, meaning that waste is minimised. Instead of going to landfill, these materials are used and converted into valuable energy, that can be used to heat and power homes.

Are there any disadvantages to biomass energy?

Not completely free of emissions

While biomass energy is a lower carbon energy source, it can release some pollutants when burned. Burning biomass can affect local air quality if these pollutants are not properly captured and recycled.  

Sustainable production

Biomass fuel is only sustainable if it comes from a sustainable source. There could be negative impact on the environment if biomass energy is not produced sustainably. For example, if trees are used without replanting, or if biomass fuel is transported over long distances. Biomass must be sourced responsibly for it to be sustainable.

Energy density 

Biomass has a lower energy density compared to fossil fuels. This means that more biomass fuel is needed to produce the same amount of energy you would get from gas, oil, and coal.

Cost for individual homes

For home heating systems, such as a home biomass boiler, biomass energy is one of the more expensive options. Depending on the type of biomass, it can have significant upfront and ongoing costs. 

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) is a UK government initiative that provides grants for home biomass boilers in England and Wales. Biomass boilers are only eligible in properties that are based in a rural location and are not connected to the gas grid. 

Similarly, the Home Energy Scotland Grant and Loan also offer grants for biomass boilers. You will have to provide evidence that other zero-emission heating systems, such as heat pumps, aren’t suitable for your property. 

Please visit the websites linked above for further information about eligibility.